This site provides general eye-health education. It cannot replace individual assessment by a registered doctor, and does not offer personal diagnosis, prescriptions, bookings, sales or referrals.

If translations differ or are incomplete, the Traditional Chinese (zh-Hant) text on this site prevails.

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68 topics · 15 tools

Amsler gridEducation tool · self-awareness of central vision Lens vision demoMonofocal target and multifocal halos IOL 3D optics studioParaxial rays, axial length and toric correction (not a clinical power calculator)Eye mapEducation tool · self-awareness of eye parts Procedure teaching illustrationCataract surgery, retinal detachment, intravitreal injection, chalazion (not a test)Drop techniqueEducation tool · practice steps (not diagnosis)Questions for your doctorEducation tool · prepare for your visit Glaucoma visual-field illustrationMild to end-stage field loss (not a test)Cataract day and nightFade, haze, headlight glare Floaters vs curtainDrifting specks vs a fixed shadow Night halo comparisonMonofocal, EDOF, trifocal demo Warm compress timerA timer for illustration — follow your doctor A clinic visitDo not drive yourself after dilation Children’s outdoor timeOutdoor daylight log (public-health round number)Reading a glasses prescriptionSph, Cyl, Axis, Add

01Refractive errorMyopia · hyperopia · astigmatism · presbyopiaCommon in Hong Kong 02Dry eyeGritty dryness · do not dismiss severe cases as “just dry eye”Very common 03CataractGradual blur and glare · discuss surgery with an ophthalmologist when daily life is affectedAge-related 04GlaucomaOpen-angle · normal-tension · ocular hypertension · angle-closure attackLost nerve fibres and field do not return 05Age-related macular degenerationBent lines or a central dark patch: same-day ophthalmic assessmentCentral vision 06Diabetic retinopathyOften silent early · needs regular dilated fundus examsNeeds regular checks 07ConjunctivitisRed itchy eye · do not self-buy steroids for heavier allergy; needs a doctor's assessmentRed eye 08Floaters and retinal detachment riskNew flashes or more floaters: same-day dilated assessmentDo not ignore flashes 09Blepharitis, stye and chalazionRed lid lumps · do not squeeze yourselfEyelid problems 10PterygiumA triangular growth on the white · protect from UVSun and wind AAllergic conjunctivitis — principlesSeasonal · heavier allergy (vernal / atopic keratoconjunctivitis)Needs medical assessment BIntravitreal anti-VEGF injectionOften called 打眼底針 in Hong KongDoctor’s decision CIncision and curettage of a chalazionConjunctival-side incisionConsent summary DChildhood myopiaOutdoors · atropine · optical defocusChildren and teens EPhacoemulsification and intraocular lensesCataract surgery as a class of careConsent summary FWarm compress and lid massageMeibomian dysfunction · blepharitis · chalazionHome care GDemodex-related blepharitisCylindrical dandruffLash mites HDry-eye types and a care ladderEvaporative · aqueous-deficient · mixedInternational consensus summary JHow to use eye dropsFollow the label and the demonstrationTechnique KChoosing an intraocular lens — detailMonofocal · toric · EDOF · multifocalNo lens fits everyone LHyperopia, shallow anterior chamber and the lensAnterior chamber · angle · emergency signsAngle-closure education MYAG capsulotomy and retinal barrier laserPCO · sealing a tearConsent summary NMultifocal lens — who may not be suitableAberration · pupil · fundusInformed choice OMacular OCTCentral retinal thickness · fluidImaging QWhat presbyopia is, and how it can be managedGlasses · contacts · miotic drops · corneal laser · lens surgeryFive classes of options RTacrolimus on the eyelids (off-label)Atopic keratoconjunctivitis · see steroid-sparing hubOff-label SRecurrent corneal erosion and PTKRCE · epithelial basement-membrane dystrophyMorning pain TRetinal detachment, membrane, tear and vitrectomyWhether the macula is still on drives urgencyEmergency education UTrue involutional entropionLashes rub the corneaEyelid turning in VEpiblepharon (false entropion)An extra skin foldChildren WPtosis (drooping upper lid)Levator · aponeurosisLid position XNasolacrimal duct obstruction and wateringInfants · adultsTears overflow YSquint (strabismus) and amblyopiaEsotropia · exotropia · double vision · when it is urgentCommon alignment problems ZChildren’s vision milestonesA guide, not a scoreFor parents AAContact lensesTypes · hygiene · serious vs milder problems · when to remove and seek careKeratitis can cost vision ABSteroid eye dropsPressure · cataract · infectionPrescription only ACThyroid eye diseaseProptosis · diplopia · optic nerve compressionOrbit and endocrine ADOphthalmologist, optometrist and dispensingSpecialist registerWho does what AEAfter dilationGlare and near blur for hoursThe day of the exam AGPterygium — lifestyle notesHats and sunglasses as habits, not a shopUV AHLubricating drops and ocular surface lubricantsThree-layer tear film · ingredient classes · preservatives · link to dry eyeSymptom relief, not a cure AJRetinal vascular occlusionVein · artery · when it is urgentSudden vision change AILaser refractive surgeryExcimer · femtosecond · does not treat the fundusElective AKUveitisSUN anatomy · infectious vs non-infectious · specialist treatment ladderUveal inflammation ALGlaucoma eye dropsFive mechanisms · adherence · drop technique · no brand namesPressure-lowering classes AMMigraine and the eyeScintillating scotoma · retinal migraine · cluster · GCA · IIHVisual aura vs must-not-miss emergencies ANStrabismus surgeryPre-op assessment · indications education · post-op red flagsSurgery to realign the eyes AOEpiscleritis and scleritisEpisclera milder · sclera more painful · no immunosuppression before infection is excludedOcular surface and scleral inflammation APGiant-cell arteritisNew headache · jaw claudication · sudden blindness · go to A&E nowLarge-vessel vasculitis and vision emergencies AQChemical eye injuryImmediate irrigation · A&E · specialty staging and class discussionIrrigate first · go to A&E while irrigating ARLong-term risks of high myopiaPathologic myopia · myopic maculopathy · tear / detachmentStructural risks in depth ASKeratoconusProgression monitoring · acute hydrops · optics / CXL classesCorneal ectasia ATEye allergy and the Hong Kong environmentDust mites · air-con indoors · do not self-buy steroidsHong Kong environment triggers AUBlue light and screensDigital eye strain · not a product pitch · AAO / CochraneMyth-bust AVColour vision deficiencyStable congenital vs acquired warning · no fitness-to-drive rulingColour vision education AWSteroid-sparing medicinesOcular-surface immunomodulation · prescription-class education · not a purchase pitchPrescription / off-label education AXGlaucoma monitoringTarget IOP · OCT RNFL / GCL · Humphrey-class field · colour maps are not a verdictLong-term monitoring education AYOptic neuritisMonocular vision drop · pain on movement · ONTT educationOptic-nerve inflammation AZCorneal transplantPK · lamellar · rejection alerts · registry survival educationCorneal replacement BANystagmusInfantile · acquired · head posture / surgery-goal hedgesInvoluntary eye movements BBEye tumoursEyelid / orbit / intraocular · COMS · retinoblastoma · soft urgencyMass education BCMacular holeFull-thickness / lamellar / pseudo-hole · OCT · closure not guaranteedMacula topic BDEpiretinal membrane (macular pucker / ERM)ERM · not surgery just because it is found · OCTMacula topic BEThe day of an intravitreal anti-VEGF injectionAnti-VEGF class · what you feelThe day itself BFThe day of chalazion incision and curettageIncision and curettage · what you feelThe day itself BGThe day of argon retinal barrier laserTear or lattice · outpatient laserThe day itself BHThe day of posterior capsulotomyPosterior capsule opacity · outpatient laserThe day itself BIThe day of cataract surgery and lens implantationPhacoemulsification · lens classThe day itself

Publisher / operator: 護眼學堂 (eyesinfo.org). Clinical review: Dr Poon Ka Kin (registered doctor, Medical Council of Hong Kong; Specialist Register (Ophthalmology)). This education site does not provide clinic contact, booking or referral, and does not link to a practice website. This education site currently has no commercial sponsorship; if funding or conflicts of interest arise later, they will be disclosed on the legal page. Education content is shown separately from any clinic promotion; the reviewer may also practise clinically — this site does not refer.

This content cannot replace an in-person consultation with a registered ophthalmologist and is not a diagnosis. This page is not diagnostic, prescribing or surgical advice. Only doctors listed on the Medical Council specialist register in ophthalmology may use the title “ophthalmologist” (眼科專科醫生).

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